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Plastic materials vocabulary

12 Aprile 2018 0 Comments news
ABS (acrynonitrile-butadiene-styrene)
Thermoplastic copolymer obtained by polymerization of acrylonitrile, styrene, butadiene.
Back Pressure
Pressure which is applied to the rear end of the screw and causes a slowing of its translation backwards while the molten material accumulates in the injection chamber due to the rotation of the screw itself.
Cylinder
Part of the injection group, externally heated by electric resistances, in which the plastic material is plasticized and then, under the action of a high pressure, injected by means of the high speed screw into a thermocontrolled mold.
Black point
Specific type of inclusion/contamination usually associated with degradation of the material (size: 0.10 mm2 or less).
Bubble
Defect consisting in the formation of air bubbles or gas in the piece.
Co-injection
Sequential injection of two components, one for the liner and one for the core.
Cold Channels
Subdivision duct system that brings the molten material to the mold cavities, in which the material enters through an orifice (injection point).
Cycle time
Time needed to complete a molding cycle. It is given by the sum of the duration of the following phases: mold closing, injection, cooling and mold opening.
Diaphragm injection
Type of injection used for the molding of cylindrical pieces with small or medium internal diameter.
Drying
Treatment necessary to eliminate the moisture contained in the material to be printed, which causes defects in the molded parts. All hygroscopic materials must be dried.
Technopolymer
Plastic material possessing suitable physical and mechanical properties for structural applications, in prolonged use over a wide temperature range and/or under mechanical stress and/or in an aggressive chemical environment.
Filling phase
Phase of the molding process in which molten material is injected into the mold.
Flame retardants
Additives used to decrease the flammability of plastic materials.
Burr
Thin appendix which tends to form on the printed piece in correspondence with the mold closing plane.
Gas assisted injection molding
Procedure which, by injecting gas, allows to lighten thick sections forming cavities inside them and to compensate for the shrinkage of the material.
Injection point
Orifice placed at the end of the injection channels through which the molten material is introduced into the mold cavity.
Glass fibers
Family of reinforcing materials for reinforced plastics consisting of individual glass filaments.
Hot channels
System of heated pipes with subsequent subdivision that bring the molten material to the cavities of the mold, in which the material enters through an orifice (injection point).
Injection moulding
TTechnique of transformation of plastic materials for the production of finished products. The molten polymer is fed into a mold of which takes the form by compression and cooling.
Mineral fillers
Natural substances added to the polymer to improve its mechanical strength or electrical properties.
Mold
Model with which objects of the desired shape are obtained in the molding of plastic materials.
Multi-colored molding
Technique that allows you to make pieces composed of several polymers of different colors. After the injection of the first material, the mold is automatically reconfigured to allow the injection of a second polymer of different color in specific areas.
Multi-component molding Technique that allows you to make pieces that incorporate details of different material compared to the material of the structure (for example toothbrushes coated with a soft anti-slip layer).
Overmolding
Procedure that allows to produce items that contain inside them a rigid core (in plastic or metal), inserted in the mold before the injection of the plastic material.
PMMA Thermoplastic polymer obtained by polymerization of a derivative of methacrylic acid.
PA Thermoplastic polymer obtained from the reaction between diamines and dibasic acids or between lactams and amino acids.
PET
Thermoplastic polymer obtained by condensation of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol.
PC Thermoplastic polymer obtained by reaction of bisphenol and phosgene.
PE Thermoplastic polymer obtained by polymerization of ethylene. By differentiating the polymerization process one can obtain: LDPE (low density PE), LLDPE (linear low density PE) and HDPE (high density PE).
PS Thermoplastic polymer obtained by styrene polymerization.
Submarine gate Injection point located below the mold split plane.
Thermoplastic Plastic material that softens even after the formation of the object obtained during processing; therefore, fusion recovery is possible.
PP Thermoplastic polymer obtained by polymerization of propylene.
Injection press
Machine that allows to generate a pressure and to use it to press the two halves of the mold against each other, inside which molten plastic material is injected.

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